Parenthetical+Citations

[|The Citation Machine or Citation Maker Website]

The last part of a research report is to prepare a list of sources (citations) of information (e.g. books, encyclopedia, web/internet document) called Bibliography or Works Cited.

Examples:

=1. Information taken from a BOOK=

The book you read is __Fishes from the Coral Reef__ by Roger C. Steene. This book was published in Honolulu, Hawaii in 1997.

If you took information from a book, your citation should include the following information:

Author. __Title of the book__. City of Publication: Publisher, Year.
Steene ,Roger C. __Fishes from the Coral Reefs__. Honolulu: U of Hawaii P, 1997.

(NOTE: Titles of books are always underlined).
=2. Information taken from a MAGAZINE.=

The magazine you used was __National Geographic__. The article you read was called "Dino Death Pit!' by Elisabeth Deffner. You read pages 73-81. This volume was published in October, 2007.

If you took information from a magazine, your citation should include the following information::

Author. "Title of Article." __Title of Magazine__ Date: Page(s).
Deffner, Elisabeth. "Dino Death Pit!". __National Geographic__ October 2007: 73-81.

(NOTE: Titles of magaznines are always underlined).
Would you like to see more examples? [|Click Here.]

NOW.... CREATE YOUR CITATIONS

Click on the appropriate link to create your bibliographic citation and fill in the blanks:

1) [|Book] 2) [|Encyclopedia] 3) [|Magazine Article] 4) [|Web/Internet Document]

Copy and paste the citation on your research report.

Put in in alphabetical order.



The simplest way to cite sources in your research report or in any other essay is to use Parenthetical references or Parenthetical documentation.

The author's last name and page number(s) are placed in parentheses in the text to give credit to sources.

For example, in your paper you type/write:

In their Preface, the authors point out that "Learning Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) is like learning any new language, computer or human" (Musciano and Kennedy xi).

In your Bibliography, or on your Works Cited page, you list:

Musciano, Chuck, and Bill Kennedy. HTML and XHTML: The Definitive Guide. 4th ed. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly, 2000.

If you cite another paragraph from the same work, or if the author or authors are clearly indicated in your text, common sense dictates that you only need to add page number(s) for the citation. For example:

Musciano and Kennedy suggest that we should avoid breaking tags across lines in our source document whenever possible to promote readability and reduce potential errors in HTML documents (41).